Rocuronium

Generic Name : Rocuronium

Pronunciation : roe-kyoor-OH-nee-um

Trade Name(s): 
India- Esmeron , Rocsur, Rocunium.
International- Zemuron.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a neuromuscular blocker, prescribed as an adjunct to general anesthesia for muscle relaxation, and to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery or external breathing.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult- IV- The recommended initial dose regardless of anesthetic technique, is 0.6 mg/kg. Maintenance: 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 mg/kg.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a solution for injection, to be administered by a healthcare provider into the vein.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney impairment, acid-base imbalance, electrolyte disturbance, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, myasthenia gravis, weight loss, high blood pressure, heart disease, dehydration, diabetes, any allergy, who are taking other medications, elderly, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.



* Avoid alcohol consumption.



* It should be administered by experienced clinicians or trained individuals.

Side Effects : 
Most Common -


High or low blood pressure.
Heart -

Abnormal heart rhythm, abnormal electrocardiogram and fast heart rate.
Gastrointestinal -

Nausea and vomiting.
Respiratory -

Asthma and hiccups.
Skin -
Rash, injection site swelling and itching.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it in refrigerator (2–8°C). Do not freeze it.

Emtricitabine

Generic Name : Emtricitabine

Pronunciation : EM-trye-SYE-ta-been

Trade Name(s): 
India- Brands of Emtricitabine combined with other medications- Tenof -EM, Tavin -EM, Trustiva, Vonavir, Vonavir.
International- Emtriva.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), prescribed for HIV-1 infection either alone or with other medications.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult- PO- The recommended dose is one 200 mg capsule administered once daily.


Child- PO- The recommended dose is 3 mg/kg administered once daily.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a capsule and solution to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of hepatitis B, kidney disease, lactic acidosis, liver disease, obesity, any allergy, who are taking other medications, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* It may cause dizziness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.



* It does not stop the spread of HIV to others; avoid sexual contacts, sharing of needles, or injection supplies.



* Monitor liver and kidney function regularly while taking this medication.

Side Effects : 
Most Common -


Headache, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, depression, sleeplessness, abnormal dreams, rash, abdominal pain, weakness, increased cough, and nose inflammation.
Gastrointestinal -


Indigestion, nausea and vomiting.
Musculoskeletal -


Joint/muscle pain.
Central Nervous System -


Abnormal dreams, nerve disease, and tingling.
Respiratory -


Increased cough.
Skin -

Rash.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature (25°C).

Lincomycin

Generic Name : Lincomycin

Pronunciation : LIN-koe-MYE-sin

Trade Name(s): 
India- Admycin-L Inj, Amlinc Inj, Lincocin Cap, Lincocin Inj, Lincosa Amp, Lincozin Cap, Lincozin Inj, Lincozin Syr, Lincy Amp, Lines Cap, Lines Inj, Link Amp, Link Cap, Link Gel Gel, Linka Amp, Linkam Cap, Linkam Inj, Lintop Cap, Lintop Inj, Liod Cap, Liod Inj, Liod Syr, Lycin Amp, Lynx Cap, Lynx Gel Gel, Lynx Inj, Lynx Syr, Prolinc Inj.
International- Lincocin.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is a lincosamide antibiotic, prescribed for certain types of bacterial infections.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: PO- Serious anaerobic infections- 500 mg 3-4 times/day.
IV- Serious anaerobic infections- 0.6-1 g 2-3 times/day. Max: 8 g/day.
IM- Serious anaerobic infections- 600 mg 1-2 times/day. Max: 8 g/day.
Topical- Acne- As 2% gel: Apply as directed.
Subconjunctival- Serious anerobic infections- in dose equiv to 75 mg.

How it should be taken : It comes in various forms such as injection, syrup, capsules, gel to be taken as directed by a physician.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of gastrointestinal disease, liver, kidney problems, any allergy, asthma, elderly, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* Take full course of treatment.


* Avoid long-term use of this medication; otherwise it will cause secondary infection.

Side Effects : 
Gastrointestinal-
Inflammation of tongue/mouth/colon, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and itching in anus.
Blood-
Decreased blood cell counts.
Hypersensitivity-
Swelling in the extremities.
Skin-
Skin rash, hives and vaginal inflammation.
Liver-
Jaundice and abnormal liver function tests.
Genitourinary-
Elevation of blood urea nitrogen, low output of urine and/or protein in urine.
Heart-
Low blood pressure.

Other Precautions : 
* Monitor complete blood counts, liver and kidney functions regularly while taking this medication.

Storage Conditions : 
Oral, Injection, Subconjunctival: Store this medication in controlled room temperature (20-25°C).

Rivastigmine

Generic Name : Rivastigmine

Pronunciation : ri va stig meen

Trade Name(s): 
India- Zeemine, Rivasmine, Rivadem, Srivasmine, Rivamer, Exelon.
International- Exelon Patch.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a reversible non-competitive inhibitor of acetylcholinestrace, prescribed for mild to moderate dementia in patients with Alzheimer or Parkinson disease.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
The starting dose (rivastigmine tartrate) is 1.5 mg twice a day (BID).

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a capsule to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 

*Caution should be exercised in patients with history of kidney problems, certain heart problems, seizures, stomach or bowel problems, lung or breathing problems, urinary blockage, any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


*It may cause dizziness, drowsiness, or fainting, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.

Side Effects : 
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, dyspepsia, anorexia, headache, drowsiness, weight loss, asthenia. Agitation, confusion, depression, sweating. Gastrointestinal haemorrhage. Potential for baldder outflow obstruction.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature and in an airtight container.

Hydroquinone

Generic Name : Hydroquinone

Pronunciation : hye-droe-KWIN-own

Trade Name(s): 
India- Brite Cream, Claripel Plus Cream, Depig Cream, Depig-F Cream, Depig-Tm Cream, Eslite Cream, Eukroma Cream, Eukroma-2% Cream, Eukroma-Sg Cream, Eveglow Cream, Hyde Cream, Hyde Soln, Hyne Soln, Lite-Up Cream, Melacare Forte Cream, Melacut Cream, Melalite Cream, Melalite Forte Cream, Melalite Plus Cream, Melalite-Xl Cream, Melalong Cream, Melanorm Cream, Melanorm-Hc Cream, Melanorm-Hc Forte Cream, M-Lite Cream, Multi-Htm Cream, Pinquin Oint, Tinacare Oint.
International- Esoterica and Melquin.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an aromatic organic compound, prescribed for hyper-pigmented skin conditions (dark patches).

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

It is contraindicated in pregnant women and patients with hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: Topical- As 2-4% preparation: Apply twice daily.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a cream to apply topically.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of asthma, any allergy, elderly, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.



* Avoid contact with eyes.



* Avoid using this cream on irritated or injured skin.



* Avoid co-administration with products containing hydrogen peroxide or benzoyl peroxide.



* Patient may develop with increased risk of allergic reactions, if it so consult with your doctor.

Side Effects : 
Local-


Mild burning, stinging, redness, dryness, itching, pimples, rash and burning.
Miscellaneous-


Tingling, hard skin and increased sensitivity.

Other Precautions : 
* Stop the medication if there is no improvement after 2 months of treatment.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature (20°-25°C), keep away from light and moisture.

Valproic Acid

Generic Name : Valproic Acid

Pronunciation : val- proe'- ik

Trade Name(s): 
India- Divuna-Er, Encorate, Encorate C, Epilex, Epival, Epsoval, Epsoval Xr, Manoval, Soric, Torvate, Torvate Ch, Tp Valpro Val, Valate, Valkid, Valparin, Valporate, Valporil, Valporil C, Valprid, Valrate Cr, Valric, Valtec, Valtec-Cr, Valtril, Zorat.
International- Depakene, Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakote Sprinkle, Stavzor.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an anticonvulsant, prescribed for epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and rarely for depression.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with known urea cycle disorders and hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category D : There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
PO- The initial recommended dose is 15 mg/kg/day. The dosage should be increased by 5 to 10 mg/kg/week.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of urea cycle disorder, vomiting, tiredness, irritability, confusion, loss of ability to think, coma, mental retardation, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), increased blood cholesterol, kidney disease, any allergy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* It may cause dizziness, drowsiness or vision changes, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.



* Avoid alcohol consumption.



* Patient may develop with increased risk of suicidal thoughts; watch them carefully.



* It may affect platelet counts; avoid injury or bruising.

Side Effects : 
Body as a Whole -

Headache, weakness and fever.
Gastrointestinal -

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, loss of appetite, indigestion, heartburn and constipation.
Central Nervous System -

Drowsiness, tremor, dizziness, blurred vision, incoordination, night blindness, emotional lability, abnormal thinking and memory loss.
Musculoskeletal -

Muscle pain/twitching, joint pain and leg cramps.
Miscellaneous -

Flu syndrome, infection, lung inflammation, runny nose, hair loss and weight loss.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature.

Levetiracetam

Generic Name : Levetiracetam

Pronunciation : LEE-va-tye-RA-se-tam

Trade Name(s): 
India- Epictal Tab, Keppra Tab, Levecetam Film-Coated Tab, Levera Soln, Levesam Tab, Levexx Tab, Levipil Tab, Levipil Vial, Levroxa Soln, Levroxa Tab, Levtam Tab, Torleva Syr, Torleva Tab.
International- Keppra.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is an anticonvulsant, prescribed for partial seizures. It works by reducing the activity in the brain. It can be used alone or with other antiepileptic medications.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : PO/IV- Adjunct in partial seizures- Initial: 500 mg twice daily on the 1st day, may increase gradually. Max: 3 g/day.
Monotherapy for partial seizures with or without secondary generalization- Initial: 500 mg/day, may increase gradually. Max: 3 g/day.

How it should be taken : May be taken with or without food. (Oral solution should be diluted in a glass of water.) Administer IV levetiracetam as 15-min infusion following dilution in 100 ml of a compatible diluent.

Special Instruction : 
*Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney problems, allergic reactions, patients undergoing haemodialysis, pregnancy and breastfeeding.

*Patient may develop mood changes, suicidal thoughts.

*It may impair ability to drive or operate machinery during initial therapy.

Side Effects : 
Central Nervous System-
Drowsiness, weakness, headache, hostility, fatigue, nervousness, dizziness, personality disorder, irritability, agitation, emotional lability, depression, mood swings, vertigo, anxiety, unsteadiness, seizures, memory loss, confusion, increased reflexes, tingling, aggression and suicidal behavior.

Skin-

Itching, skin discoloration, rash and loss of hair.

Eye and ENT-
Inflammation of nasopharynx, stuffy nose, inflammation of conjunctiva, blurred vision, double vision and ear pain.

Gastrointestinal-
Vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea, gastroenteritis, constipation and inflammation of pancreas.

Genitourinary-
Albumin in urine and urine abnormality.

Blood-
Easy bruising, deficiency of all three blood cell types (with bone marrow suppression in some cases).

Liver-
Abnormal LFTs (liver function test), liver failure and inflammation.

Metabolic-
Dehydration and weight loss.

Musculoskeletal-
Neck pain.

Respiratory-
Increased cough, asthma and sinusitis.

Miscellaneous-Accidental injury, infection, influenza, pain, flu syndrome, face edema and viral infection.

Other Precautions : 
*Do not change the dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Intravenous: Once reconstituted store at 15-30°C and use within 24 hr. Store tablets, oral solution, and undiluted IV injection at 15-30°C.

Ertapenem

Generic Name : Ertapenem

Pronunciation : ER-ta-PEN-em

Trade Name(s): 
India- Invanz Vial, Mypenem, Zivator.
International- Invanz.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an antibiotic, prescribed for moderate to severe infections like abdomen, skin, diabetic foot, community acquired pneumonia, urinary tract infections, prophylaxis of surgical-site infection following elective colorectal surgery. It kills sensitive bacteria.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Allergic to penicillins or cephalosporins, or local anesthetics.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
Adults: IV/IM- 1g/day for 7 to 14 days. Children: 15 mg/kg twice daily.

How it should be taken : 
It is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic.

Special Instruction : 
*Long-term or repeated use of this medication may cause a second infection.
*Monitor kidney function, liver function, and complete blood cell counts while using this medication.
*Caution needed for pregnant women, children less than 3 months, and elderly.

Side Effects : 
Local-
Infused vein complication, pain, redness, extravasation(accidental administration of the drug in the surrounding tissues), inflammation or blood clot in veins, swelling, indurations, and warmth.
Body as a whole-

Abdominal distention, pain, chills, septicemia, septic shock, dehydration, gout, uneasiness, necrosis, candidiasis, weight loss, facial edema, flank pain, syncope and severe allergic reactions.
Heart-

Chest pain, high or low blood pressure, fast heart rate.
Central Nervous System-

Headache, altered mental status, sleeplessness, dizziness, anxiety, weakness/fatigue, seizure, movement disorder, hallucinations, tremor.
Skin-

Diaper dermatitis (rash in the thighs and buttocks of infants), rash.
Eye and ENT-

Inflammation and viral infection of nasopharynx.
Gastrointestinal-

Diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, constipation, acid regurgitation, inflammation and infection of the large intestine, small intestine obstruction, abdominal abscess.
Genitourinary-

Urinary tract infection, vaginal inflammation.
Respiratory-

Cough, difficulty in breathing, pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infection, respiratory distress.
Miscellaneous-


Anemia, viral infections.

Other Precautions : 
*Continue to use this medication until the full prescribed treatment period is finished.

Storage Conditions : 
It is usually handled and stored by a health care provider.

Hydrocortisone

Generic Name : Hydrocortisone

Pronunciation : hye droe kor' ti sone

Trade Name(s): 
India- Alcort Vial, Arvisone Inj, Cardol Vial, Cipcorlin Inj, Cortecyclin Oint, Cort-H Oint, Cortola-M Eye Drops, Cort-S Vial, Cortygard Inj, Drocort Cream, Drucort Vial, Efcorlin Inj Vial, Efficort Cream, Eldercoid Lipocream, Entofoam Aerosol Foam, Geocort Vial, H.S Vial, H-Cort Vial, Hisone Tab, Hisone Vial, Hobutide Vial, Hycort Crm Cream, Hycort Vial, Hycoson Vial, Hydrocortisone Sod Succinate Inj, Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate Vial, Hy-Sone Inj, Hyss Vial, Hyver Inj, Intacorlin Vial, Irays Vial, Labocort Vial, Lacticare-Hc Lotion, Locoid Lipocrm Cream, Lycor Cream, Lycortin-S Vial, M-Cort Vial, Multicort Vial, Multifungin-H Cream, Niscort Vial, Novacort Vial, Primacort Vial, Q.D 4 Cream, Shcorty-H17 Cream, Smuth Cream, Succicort Vial, Tendrone Cream, Tocor Inj, Unicort Vial, Wycort Inj, Wycort Vial, Wycort With Neomycin Oint.
International- Cortef, Hydrocortone.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a corticosteroid, prescribed for severe allergies, arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis and skin conditions.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with systemic fungal infection, who are taking mifepristone and hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
IV- The recommended dose is 20mg per day.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a solution for injection to be administered by a healthcare provider into the vein.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver, kidney, intestinal, or heart disease, diabetes, underactive thyroid gland, high blood pressure, mental illness, myasthenia gravis, osteoporosis, herpes eye infection, seizures, tuberculosis (TB), ulcers, any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* It may cause dizziness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.



* Avoid contact with people who have infections.



* It may cause unusual changes in vision; if it is so consult with your doctor.




* It may affect blood sugar; monitor blood sugar level regularly while taking this medication.

Side Effects : 
Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances -


Sodium retention, fluid retention, heart failure, high blood pressure and potassium loss.
Musculoskeletal -


Muscle weakness, loss of muscle mass, joint inflammation, vertebral compression fractures and cell death in thighbone.
Gastrointestinal -


Peptic ulcer, stomach bleeding, abdominal distention and ulcerative esophagus.
Skin -


Impaired wound healing, facial redness and increased sweating.
Central Nervous System -


Convulsions, stroke, vertigo and headache.
Genitourinary -


Menstrual irregularities, development of Cushingoid state and suppression of growth in pediatric patients.
Eye -

Increased eye pressure and protruding eyeball.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid alcohol consumption.

Storage Conditions : 
Keep this medication out of the reach of children. Store it according to the package directions.

Loteprednol

Generic Name : Loteprednol

Pronunciation : lo te PRED nol off THAL mik

Trade Name(s): 
India- Loteflam Eye Drops, Lotepred Eye Drops.
International- Lotemax , Alrex ,Zylet , Lotemax Ophthalmic Ointment.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a corticosteroid, prescribed for eye swelling caused by surgery, infection, allergies, and other conditions. It prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with bacterial or viral infections, and hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Ophthalmic- Allergic conjunctivitis- As 0.2% susp: Instill 1 drop 4 times/day for Ocular inflammation-As 0.5% suspension: Instill 1-2 drops 4 times/day. May start with 1 drop hourly, then reduce frequency gradually. Post-op ocular inflammation as 0.5% susp: Instill 1-2 drops 4 times/day, beginning 24 hour post-op for 2 weeks.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a drops, instill into your eyes as per your doctor's advice.

Special Instruction : 
*May mask and exacerbate existing ocular infection.
* Re-evaluate patients if symptoms do not improve after 2 days.

*It may cause blurred vision, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.
*Do not wear soft contact lenses while using this medication.

Side Effects : 
Central Nervous System-
Headache.

Respiratory-
Runny nose and inflammation of pharynx.

Eye-
Abnormal vision/blurring, burning sensation on instillation, swelling (or edema) of the conjunctiva, dry eyes, itching, conjunctivitis/irritation, corneal abnormalities, glaucoma, optic nerve injury, posterior sub capsular cataracts, changes in visual acuity, field defects, secondary ocular infection.

Other Precautions : 
*Monitor eye pressure while using it for long term.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature(15-25°C).

Reboxetine

Generic Name : Reboxetine

Trade Name(s): 
International- Edronax, Norebox, Prolift, Solvex, Davedax or Vestra.
India- Narebox Tab, Reboot Tab, Rebotin Tab, Reboxxin Tab.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication an antidepressant, prescribed for depression.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: PO- The recommended dose is 4 mg twice daily, then up to 10 mg/day after 3-4 weeks if needed. Max: 12 mg/day.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of kidney and liver impairment, prostate enlargement, heart disease, epilepsy, bipolar disorders, urinary retention, increased eye pressure, elderly, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.



* It may cause dizziness or drowsiness, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.



* Monitor for signs of clinical worsening e.g. Suicidal tendency especially during the initial phase of the treatment.

Side Effects : 
Central Nervous System-

Sleeplessness, dizziness and tingling.
Gastrointestinal-


Dry mouth and constipation.
Genitourinary-


Urinary hesitancy, painful urination and impotence.
Miscellaneous-


Increased sweating, low blood pressure and fast heart rate.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature.

Ergotamine Tartrate and Caffeine

Generic Name : Ergotamine Tartrate and Caffeine

Pronunciation : er got' a meen - kaf' een

Trade Name(s): 
India- Migril.
International- Cafatine Rectal Suppository, Cafergot, Cafergot Rectal Suppository, Cafetrate Rectal Suppository, Ercaf, Migergot Rectal Suppository, Wigraine.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an ergot alkaloid, prescribed for migraine headache.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with coronary heart disease, high blood pressure, liver or kidney problems or severe infection, blood vessels problem, who are taking antifungal medications, HIV protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotic medications, during pregnancy, labor and hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category X : Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.

When it is to be taken : 
PO-Sublingual and rectal: The recommended initial dose is 2 mg ergotamine with fixed combination with caffeine. Maximum: 10 mg/week.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet to take by mouth (to be placed under the tongue) and as a suppository to insert rectally.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of blood problems, stroke, anxiety, sleeping problems or heart problems, any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* Avoid exposure to cold.

Side Effects : 
Heart -
Bluish, absence of pulse, cold extremities, cell death, heart failure, pain, EKG changes, muscle pain, fast/slow heart rate and high blood pressure.
Gastrointestinal -
Nausea and vomiting.
Central Nervous System -
Tingling, numbness, weakness and unsteadiness.
Allergic Reactions -
Localized swelling and itching.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store at controlled room temperature 15° -30° C

Lafutidine

Generic Name : Lafutidine

Trade Name(s): 
India- Lafutax, Lafter.
International- Protecadin, Stogar.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an antacid, prescribed for ulcer.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated to breastfeeding women.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult- PO- The recommended dose is 10mg twice daily.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, one hour after food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney impairment, elderly and during pregnancy.

Side Effects : 
Most Common -

Constipation, increase in liver enzymes, increased level of blood urea, breast enlargement in male, loss of appetite, and hallucinations.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature.

Ebastine

Generic Name : Ebastine

Trade Name(s): 
India- Eba-P Tab, Ebast Dispertab, Ebast Tab, Erostin Film-Coated Tab, Erostin-Dc Film-Coated Tab.
International- Alastina, Aleva, Bactil, Clever, Durfin, Ebast, Ebastel Forte, Ebastel OD, Ebastel, Ebastin Aristo, Ebastina Acost, Ebastina Alter, Ebastina Cinfa, Ebastina Davur, Ebastina Merck, Ebastina Normon, Ebastina Sandoz, Ebastina Stada, Ebastina Toll Pharma, Erostin-DC , Estivan, Evastel, Kestin, Kestinlyo, Kestine, Ketamine , Rinobactil.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a non-sedating antihistamine, prescribed for allergic conditions.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: PO- The recommended dose is 10-20 mg once daily.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver and kidney impairment, QT interval prolongation, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side Effects : 
Headache, dry mouth, drowsiness, inflammation of pharynx/nose/sinus, abdominal pain, indigestion, weakness, nosebleed, nausea and sleeplessness.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Oral: Store it at controlled room temperature (25°C).

Lidocaine and Prilocaine

Generic Name : Lidocaine and Prilocaine

Pronunciation : LYE-doe-kane-PRIL-oh-kane

Trade Name(s): 
India- Lovelong, Primla, Asthesia, Prilox, Satisfaction gel.
International- Emla.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is a dermal anesthesia, prescribed for tingling, pricking or numbness of a person's skin.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : Topical- The recommended dose range is 1gm to 20gms over 10 to 200 cm² of skin surface for 1 to 4 hours.

How it should be taken : It comes as a cream, to be applied on intact skin and covered with an occlusive dressing.

Special Instruction : 
* Do not apply on broken/irritated skin or open wounds.



* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of certain blood disorder (G6PD-genetic disorder, especially in children), heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, elderly, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.



* Avoid getting this medication into eyes, nose, or mouth.



* Avoid excess dosage.

Side Effects : 
Most Common-


Local- redness, burning sensation and swelling.
Others-


Itching, rash and paleness.

Other Precautions : 
* For external use only.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at controlled room temperature (15-30°C).

Vancomycin

Generic Name : Vancomycin

Pronunciation : van-koe-MYE-sin

Trade Name(s): 
India- Covancin Vial, Cytovan Inj, Forstaf Vial, Vanacin-Cp Vial, Vancocare Inj, Vancocin Cp Vial, Vancogen Vial, Vancogram-500 Vial, Vancoled Inj, Vancomate Vial, Vancomycin Tab, Vanconex Cp Inj, Vanconis Vial, Vancorid Cp Inj, Vancorin Inj, Vancoser Inj, Vancotar Inj, Vancotech Vial, Vanking Vial, Vanlid Cap, Vanlid Vial, Vanmax Vial, Vansafe Inj, Vantox-Cp Inj, Vconat Inj, Wancosan Vial.
International- Vancomycin Hydrochloride.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a glycopeptide antibiotic, prescribed for serious bacterial infections, endocarditis and surgical prophylaxis in major procedures. It kills sensitive bacteria.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity to the drug.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: IV- The recommended dose is 0.5-2 g/day in 3-4 divided doses for a period of 7-10 days. Dose may be reduced in kidney patients.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a solution for injection, administered by healthcare provider, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
*Patient may develop with Ototoxicity (damage to the ear), nephrotoxicity (kidney damage).

*Caution needed for patients with history of kidney impairment, newborns, elderly, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


*Administer only by slow intra venous injection.


*Change the injection site, to decrease vein inflammation.


*Keep rate of infusion at less than or equal to 10 mg/min rate.


*Monitor kidney and liver functions, serum concentration, blood counts and functioning of the ear regularly.

Side Effects : 
Most Common-
Ear and kidney damage.
Local-

Severe allergic reactions including rash, hives, or itching.
Gastrointestinal-

Inflammation of intestine.
Blood-

Decrease in white blood cell and platelets.
Miscellaneous-

Fever, nausea, dizziness, chills, eosinophilia, low blood pressure, wheezing and difficulty in breathing.

Other Precautions : 
*Discontinue if patient develops tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

Storage Conditions : 
Injection: Store at 15-30°C, far from heat and light.

Rabeprazole

Generic Name : Rabeprazole

Pronunciation : ra-BEP-ra-zole

Trade Name(s): 
India- Abra Tab, Abra-D Tab, Acera Cap, Acidom Tab, Acistal Tab, Acistal-D Cap, Adec Tab, Affirab Tab, Affirab-D Tab, Albera Enteric-Coated Tab, Algibra Tab, Antuc Tab, Antuc Vial, Antuc-Dsr Tab, Aptase-Dsr Hg-Cap, Aribzol Tab, Aribzol-D Tab, Asalt Enteric-Coated Tab, Asalt-D Cap, Asirab Tab, Asirab-D Tab, Bizo Tab, Bizo-D Tab, Bizo-Dsr Tab, B-Joy Plus Cap, B-Joy Tab, Brazo Tab, Brazo-D Tab, Brozole-D Cap, Cidrid Cap, Cinrab Tab, Comvine Cap, Coolx Tab, Coolx-D Tab, Curab-D Cap, Cyra Tab, Cyra-D Cap, Degurge-Dsr Cap, Depump Tab, Desprazole Tab, Dexicool Tab, Dexrobel-Dsr Cap, Digerab-D Tab, Digerab-Dsr Cap, D-Kool Cap, Domrab Cap, Dorafem Tab, Drab Enteric-Coated Cap, D-Rabibit Tab, D-Rabibit-Dsr Cap, Esogard Cap, Furab Inj, Furab Tab, Furab-D Tab, Furab-Dsr Cap, Gasorab Inj, Gasorab Tab, Gasorab-Dsr Tab, Gastrazole Tab, Gastrazole-D Tab, Genrab Tab, Genrab-D Tab, Genrab-D-Xr Cap, Happi Tab, Happi Vial, Happi-D Cap, Helirab Tab, Helirab-D Cap, Hirabezole Tab, Jeprab Tab, Jeprab-D Cap, Konzol Tab, Konzol-D Tab, Koolzon Tab, Kurab Inj, Kurab Tab, Kurab-D Tab, Kurab-Dsr Cap, Mepraz Tab, Mepraz-D Tab, Mepraz-Dsr Cap, Nicid Tab, Novorab Tab, Novorab-D Tab, Novorab-Dsr Cap, Nucid-D Tab, Nuloc-D Cap, Nura Tab, Nura-D Cap, Nura-Dsr Cap, Odirab Tab, Once Tab, Once-Dsr Tab, Oppi-R Tab, Orpro Tab, Oshzol-D Tab, Parit Tab, Pepchek Cap, Pepcia Tab, Pepcia-D Cap, Peptard Tab, Peptard-D Cap, Pepzera Enteric-Coated Tab, Pepzera-D Cap, Pepzer-D Tab, Perilac-Dsr Cap, Prorab Tab, Prorab-D Cap, R.P.Zole-D Sr-Tab, Rab Tab, Rabca-D Tab, Rabcid-20 Tab Tab, Rabcid-D Tab Tab, Rab-D Tab, Rabe Tab, Rabecas Tab, Rabe-D Tab, Rabeday Enteric-Coated Tab, Rabedif Cap, Rabee Enteric-Coated Tab, Rabeen-Dsr Cap, Rabefic-D Tab, Rabefine Tab, Rabefine-Dsr Cap, Rabehill Tab, Rabehill-D Tab, Rabekind Ec-Tab, Rabekind-Dm Cap, Rabekind-Dsr Cap, Rabeking D Tab, Rabel Tab, Rabeloc Tab, Rabeloc Vial, Rabeloc-Rd Cap, Rabemac Inj, Rabemac Tab, Rabemac-Dsr Cap, Rabep Tab, Rabep-D Tab, Rabep-Dsr Cap, Rabephex Enteric-Coated Tab, Rabephex-D Cap, Rabepol Tab, Rabepol-D Tab, Rabepro Tab, Rabera Tab, Rabera-Dsr Sr-Cap, Raberiv Tab, Raberiv-D Srtab, Rabesec Film-Coated Tab, Rabesoft Tab, Rabespan Dsr Cap, Rabespan Tab, Rabest Tab, Rabestar Tab, Rabesym Tab, Rabesym-D Tab, Rabesym-Dsr Cap, Rabet Tab, Rabetac Tab, Rabet-D Tab, Rabet-Dsr Cap, Rabeto Tab, Rabeto-D Cap, Rabez Enteric-Coated Tab, Rabez-D Cap, Rabez-Fr Film-Coated Tab, Rabez-I.V Vial, Rabgy Tab, Rabibit Tab, Rabibit-D Tab, Rabibit-Dsr Cap, Rabic Tab, Rabic-D Tab, Rabicip Tab, Rabicool Tab, Rabifast Tab, Rabifast-Dsr Cap, Rabifin Tab, Rabifin Vial, Rabigerd Tab, Rabigerd-Dsr Cap, Rabikul Dsr Tab, Rabimor Tab, Rabimor Vial, Rabimor-Dsr Cap, Rabin Tab, Rabin Vial, Rabin-Dxr Cap, Rabinet-D Tab, Rabinom Tab, Rabinom-Dsr Tab, Rabio-D Tab, Rabipace Tab, Rabipip Tab, Rabipip-Dsr Tab, Rabipump D Tab, Rabipump Tab, Rabiros Tab, Rabiros-D Cap, Rabisafe Tab, Rabisafe-Dsr Cap, Rabisena Inj, Rabisin D Tab, Rabisin Inj, Rabisin Tab, Rabitab Enteric-Coated Tab, Rabitage Cap, Rabital Tab, Rabital-D Tab, Rabital-Dsr Cap, Rabitop Tab, Rabium Fast Tab, Rabium Tab, Rabium-Dsr Cap, Rabiwin Cap, Rabiwin-D Cap, Rabix Tab, Rabix-D Tab, Rabix-Dsr Cap, Rabizol Tab, Rablet Tab, Rablet Vial, Rablet-D Cap, Rablet-D Tab, Rabod Tab, Rabol Inj, Rabol Tab, Rabol-D Cap, Rabol-Dsr Cap, Rabon Tab, Rabon-D Tab, Rabon-Dsr Cap, Rabonik Tab, Rabonik-Dsr Cap, Rabowin Tab, Rabset Tab, Rabset-D Tab, Rabsi Tab, Rabsi-Dsr Cap, Rabsi-Sd Cap, Rabter Cap, Rabter-Sr Cap, Rabtic Tab, Rabtic-Dsr Cap, Rabtul Tab, Rabzer Tab, Rabzole Tab, Racidol Tab, Rantac-Pp Tab, Rapco Tab, Rapco-D Cap, Rapeed Tab, Rapeed-D Cap, Rapirol Tab, Rapirol-D Tab, Rapkair Cap, Rapkair Inj, Rapkair-D Cap, Rapkair-Dsr Cap, Raptac Tab, Raver Tab, Raver-D Tab, Raver-Dsr Cap, Raz Inj, Raz Plus Tab, Raz Tab, Raz-Dsr Tab, Razep Inj, Razep Tab, Razep-Dxr Tab, Razid Tab, Razle Dm Tab, Razle Tab, Razo D Cap, Razo Enteric-Coated Cap, Razo Tab, Razo Vial, Razogard Tab, Rb Care Tab, R-Bit Tab, R-Bit-Dm Tab, R-Bit-Dsr Cap, Rbz Tab, R-Cid Plus Cap, R-Cid Tab, Rclonac Cap, Rd-V Cap, Rebel D Tab, Rebibit-Dsr Tab, Rebiblt Tab, Rebiblt-Dm Tab, Rebilex Tab, Rebilex-Dm Tab, Rebilex-Dsr Cap, Rebzy Tab, Rebzy-Dm Tab, Redoxin Capsules Cap, Redura Tab, Redura-D Tab, Redura-Dsr Cap, Reeb Tab, Reeb-D Tab, Reeb-Dsr Cap, Rekool Tab, Rekool-D Cap, Reorab Inj, Reorab Tab, Reorab-D Tab, Reorab-Dsr Cap, Repracure Tab, Repral Tab, Repral-D Enteric-Coated Cap, Repraz Tab, Reward Tab, Reward-D Tab, Reward-Dsr Cap, Rewrd-Dsr Cap, Rezol-D Cap, Rezole Tab, Rezole Vial, Rezole-D Tab, Rezole-Dsr Cap, Rifcid Tab, Rifcid-D Tab, Rifcid-Dsr Cap, Rifkool Vial, Rifkool-Dsr Cap, Rioz Tab, Rioz-Dmp Tab, Rive Cap, Rive-D Cap, Roles Enteric-Coated Tab, Roll Tab, Roll-D Cap, Romysha Tab, Ropez Tab, Ropez Vial, Ropez-Dsr Cap, Roppi Tab, Roppi-D Tab, Rosepra-D Tab, Roze Tab, Roze-Dsr Cap, Rozen Vial, Rozex Tab, Rozex Vial, Rozex-D Tab, Rozex-Dsr Sr-Cap, Rozy-D Tab, Rozydex Tab, Rozy-Dsr Cap, R-Ppi Enteric-Coated Tab, Rpz Enteric-Coated Tab, Rpz-D Cap, Rubber D Enteric-Coated Tab, Rubber Enteric-Coated Tab, Rubeus-D Tab, Rugbi-Dm Tab, Rulcer Enteric-Coated Tab, Rulcer-Dsr Cap, Rulcer-On Cap, Rypraz Tab, Rypraz-D Tab, Safe Acid Cap, Samurai Enteric-Coated Cap, Siarab Tab, Siarab-D Tab, Stomeck-D Sr Cap, Tivazol Tab, Tivazol-D Tab, Toporab-Dsr Cap, Trapcid Enteric-Coated Tab, Tyrob Tab, Tyrob-D Tab, Ulcigard Forte Cap, Ulcireb Tab, Ulcireb-D Tab, Ulcireb-Dsr Cap, Ulgo Enteric-Coated Tab, Unirab Vial, Value Film-Coated Tab, Veloz Inj Vial, Veloz Tab, Veloz-D Cap, Veloz-M Cap, Venorab Tab, Wowrab Tab, Wyrab Tab, Wyrab-D Tab, Zen-Prazole Tab, Zinirab Tab, Zolover Tab, Zolover-Dsr Cap, Zomitac-Dsr Cap.
International- Aciphex.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is a proton pump inhibitor, prescribed for duodenal ulcer, gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD), and Zollinger-Ellison (gastric acid hyper secretion) syndrome. It works by decreasing the amount of acid made in the stomach.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Concomitant administration of clarithromycin with pimozide and cisapride is contraindicated.

Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category B : Animal reproduction studies have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women OR Animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women have failed to demonstrate a risk to the fetus in any trimester.

When it is to be taken : 
PO- Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; erosive oesophagitis: 20 mg once daily in the morning for 4-8 weeks. Maintenance: 10-20 mg once daily.
For non-erosive oesophagitis: 10 mg once daily for 4 wk, upon symptom resolution, may continue with 10 mg once daily when needed.
Healing of Duodenal Ulcers: 20 mg/day after the morning meal for 4 weeks; additional therapy may be required for some patients.


Zollinger-Ellison: 60 mg once daily. Adjust according to patient’s needs.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a delayed-release (long-acting) tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day for 4 to 8 weeks, but it is sometimes taken for a longer time, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
*Caution should be exercised in patients with history of bleeding ulcer, such as black, tarry stools or vomit that looks like coffee grounds, or if you experience throat pain, chest pain, severe stomach pain, or trouble swallowing contact your doctor immediately.



*May increase the risk of GI infections due to acid suppressive effects, liver damage, gastric tumor.

Side Effects : 
Central Nervous System-
Headache, dizziness, disorientation/delirium.

Skin-
Skin eruptions, severe allergic reactions.

Eye and ENT-
Inflammation of pharynx.

Gastrointestinal-
Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, flatulence, constipation, abdominal pain, dry mouth.

Genitourinary-
Kidney disorder.

Liver-
Occurrence of confusion, altered level of consciousness and coma as a result of liver failure (hepatic encephalopathy), inflammation of liver, increased liver enzymes, jaundice.

Blood-
Decrease in white blood cells, anemia.

Metabolic-
Excess ammonia in blood, thyroid stimulating hormone elevations.

Musculoskeletal-
Joint pain, muscle pain, rapid breakdown of skeletal muscle.

Respiratory-
Inflammation of lung tissue.

Miscellaneous-
Pain, infection, rapid swelling of dermis, coma, sudden death.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid abrupt withdrawal.

Storage Conditions : 
Oral: Store at 15-30°C. Store it in an airtight container and keep away from children.

Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide

Generic Name : Enalapril and Hydrochlorothiazide

Pronunciation : e nal' a pril - hye droe klor oh thye' a zide

Trade Name(s): 
India- Enace-D Tab, Enam-D Tab, Enapril-Ht Tab, Enapril-Ld Tab, Enaretic Tab , Envas-H Tab , Enzide Tab, Invozide Tab , Normace-D Tab, Vasonorm-H Tab , Viviril-D Tab.
International- Vaseretic.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and thiazide diuretic combination, prescribed for high blood pressure.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with anuria, angioedema and hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category D : There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Adult: PO- HTN; CHF- Per tab contains enalapril maleate 10 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg: ½-1 tab/day.

How it should be taken : 
It comes as a tablet to take by mouth, with or without food.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of heart, parathyroid, liver or kidney disease, lupus, sugar, any allergy, asthma, gout, angioedema, who are taking other medications, elderly, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* Avoid alcohol consumption.



* It may cause diarrhea or vomiting which leads to dehydration, drink enough fluid to avoid this problem.



* It may cause dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting, do not drive a car or operate machinery while taking this medication.



* Avoid exposure to sunlight; otherwise it may cause sunburn.

Side Effects : 
Most frequent -

Dizziness, headache, fatigue, muscle cramps, weakness, impotence, diarrhea and increased cough.
Body As A Whole -


Fainting, chest pain and abdominal pain.
Heart -


Low blood pressure, palpitation and fast heart rate.
Gastrointestinal -


Vomiting, indigestion, constipation, flatulence and dry mouth.
Central Nervous System -


Sleeplessness, nervousness, tingling, drowsiness and unsteadiness.
Skin -


Itching and rash.
Miscellaneous -


Difficulty in breathing, gout, back pain, joint pain, increased sweating, decreased sexual activity, ringing in the ear and urinary tract infection.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature and protect it from moisture. Keep away from children.

Hyoscyamine

Generic Name : Hyoscyamine

Pronunciation : hye oh sye' a meen

Trade Name(s): 
International- Anaspaz, Cystospaz, Cystospaz-M, Hyosol, SL Hyospaz, Levbid, Levsin, Levsin, Drops Levsin, Levsinex, Timecaps, NuLev.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an anticholinergic agent, used as pain killer (Belladonna alkaloid). It blocks cardiac vagal inhibitory reflexes during anesthesia induction and intubation, used to relax muscles.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
Dose: It is administered as an oral tablet or placed below the tongue in a dose of 0.125 – 0.25 mg. It may be repeated after 4 hours.

How it should be taken : 
This medication available in the form of tablet, an extended-release capsule, a liquid to take by mouth, and in an injection form. Take tablet and liquid 3times/day, and extended-release capsules 2times. Avoid crushing the medication. This injection is administered by qualified healthcare professionals.

Special Instruction : 
* It may cause drowsiness, dizziness, vision problem, or lightheadedness. Do not drive a car or other dangerous performance.
* Do not drink alcohol or use medicines that may cause drowsiness while you are using hyoscyamine.
*Drink plenty of fluids, maintain good oral hygiene, and suck sugarless hard candy to relieve dry mouth to avoid dehydration or over heat.

*Caution should be exercised in patients with history of nerve problems, prostate problems, esophageal reflux, stomach problems, heart failure, coronary heart disease, hiatal hernia, kidney problems, overactive thyroid, high blood pressure, urinary problems, paralysis, increased eye pressure, any allergy, who are taking other medications, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Side Effects : 
Central Nervous System-
Headache, nervousness, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, confusion, sleeplessness, fever, excitability, restlessness, tremor, speech disturbances and involuntary muscle movement.

Heart-
Palpitations and fast heart beat.

Skin-
Allergic reactions, skin rash and flushing.

Eye and ENT-
Nasal congestion, altered taste, dilation of the pupil, paralysis of the ciliary muscle, blurred vision, increased ocular tension and loss of taste.

Gastrointestinal-
Dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, difficulty in swallowing, heartburn constipation and bloated feeling.

Genitourinary-
Urinary hesitancy and retention and impotence.

Miscellaneous-
Suppressed lactation and decreased sweating.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store at 25°C. Store it in airtight container. Keep away from children.

Exemestane

Generic Name : Exemestane

Pronunciation : ex e mes' tane

Trade Name(s): 
India- X'cel Film-Coated Tab, Xtane Tab.
International- Aromasin.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : 
This medication is an aromatase inhibitor, prescribed for advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women who are no longer responsive to anti-estrogen therapy.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity, pregnancy and lactation, premenopausal women.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category D : There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : 
PO- The recommended dose is 25 mg once daily.

How it should be taken : 
This medication available in the form of tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day after a meal.

Special Instruction : 
*This medication is only for women who have experienced menopause and cannot become pregnant.
*Inform your doctor about your pregnancy and breastfeeding.
*It may lead to liver or kidney disease.
*Monitor bone mineral density at regular intervals especially in patients at risk of osteoporosis.


* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of liver or kidney problems, osteoporosis (weak bones), heart problems, blood vessel problems, stroke, any allergy, and who are taking other medications.

Side Effects : 
Heart-
Chest pain, hypertension, accumulation of fluids.

Central Nervous System-
Fatigue, depression, sleeplessness, anxiety, headache, dizziness.

Skin-
Rash, increased sweating, abnormal hair growth, hair loss, and acne.

Hormone-
Hot flushes, weight gain.

Gastrointestinal-
Low potential for nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, and increased appetite.

Blood-
Abnormally low level of lymphocytes.

Musculoskeletal-
Musculoskeletal pain, joint pain.

Respiratory-
Difficulty in breathing, coughing.

Miscellaneous-
Flu-like symptoms with fever, hoarseness.

Other Precautions : 
*Avoid excess dosage.

Storage Conditions : 
Store at 25°C. Store it in airtight container and keep away from children.

Levalbuterol HCl

Generic Name : Levalbuterol HCl

Pronunciation : leh val BYOO ter all

Trade Name(s): 
International- Xopenex, Xopenex Concentrate, Xopenex HFA.

Why it is prescribed (Indications) : This medication is a bronchodilator, prescribed for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in adults, adolescents and children 6 years of age and older.

When it is not to be taken (Contraindications): 

Hypersensitivity.

Pregnancy Category :

A B C D X

Category C : Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus and there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks.

When it is to be taken : Children 6-11 years old: The recommended dose is 0.31 mg administered three times a day, by nebulization. Routine dosing should not exceed 0.63 mg three times a day.

Adults and Adolescents ≥ 12 years old: The recommended starting dose is 0.63 mg administered three times a day, every 6 to 8 hours, by nebulization.

How it should be taken : It comes as a solution (liquid) to inhale by mouth as directed by your physician.

Special Instruction : 
* Caution should be exercised in patients with history of high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, heart disease, seizures, diabetes, overactive thyroid, kidney disease, any allergy, who are taking other medications, elderly, children, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.


* It may cause dizziness, do not drive a car operate machinery while taking this medication.



* Patient may develop with severe breathing problems; if it so consult with your doctor.

Side Effects : 
Adults and Adolescents-
Body as a Whole -


Allergic reaction, flu syndrome, chills, chest pain, accidental injury and back pain.
Heart-
Fast heart rate, abnormal ECG, high/low blood pressure and fainting.
Gastrointestinal-
Indigestion, dry mouth, dry throat, stomach inflammation and nausea.
Musculoskeletal-
Leg cramps and muscle pain.
Central Nervous System -
Dizziness, muscle weakness, sleeplessness, sensory loss in hands, nervousness, tingling, headache, tremor and anxiety.
Respiratory -


Increased cough, viral infection and nose inflammation.

Special Senses-
Itching in the eyes.
Children 6-11 years old-
Body as a Whole-
Abdominal pain, accidental injury, weakness, fever, headache and viral infection.
Gastrointestinal -
Diarrhea.
Blood -
Swollen glands.
Musculoskeletal-
Muscle pain.
Respiratory-
Asthma and inflammation of pharynx/nose.
Skin-
Skin inflammation, rashes and hives.
Special Senses-
Ear inflammation.

Other Precautions : 
* Avoid excess dosage.



* It may cause dry mouth or unpleasant taste in your mouth, rinse your mouth with water.



* Monitor lung function while taking this medication.

Storage Conditions : 
Store it at room temperature (20-25°C), and in an airtight container.